Prambanan
is the largest and most magnificent Hindu temple ever built in ancient
Java, the construction of royal Hindu temple was started by the Rakai
Pikatan as opposed to a Buddhist temple of Borobudur temple and also
Sewu located not far from Prambanan. Some
historians have long suspected that the construction of grand Hindu
temple to mark the return to power Sanjaya family on Java, it is related
to the theory of twin different dynasty competing beliefs; the Sanjaya
dynasty dynasty Sailendra Hindus and Buddhists. Surely,
with the construction of this temple marks the return Saiwa Hinduism
has the support of the royal family, after the previous dynasty tended
to be more supportive Sailendra Mahayana Buddhism. This marks the kingdom Medang switch focus their religious support, from Mahayana Buddhism to the cult of Shiva.
The building was first built in 850 AD by the Rakai Pikatan and sustainably enhanced and expanded by King and King Balitung Lokapala Maha Sambu. Based on Siwagrha inscription dates to 856 AD, a shrine was built to glorify the god Shiva, and the original name of this building is Siwagrha in Sanskrit (Sanskrit: Shiva-Graha which means: 'The house of Shiva') or Siwalaya (Sanskrit: Shiva-laya which means: 'aspect of Shiva' or 'Natural Shiva'). [4] In this inscription mentioned that during the construction of the temple Siwagrha underway, the public works carried out are also changes in order to move the flow of river water near this temple. The river in question is Opak river that flows from north to south along the west side of the temple complex of Prambanan. Historians suspect that the original flow of the river is turned curved to the east, and is considered too close to the temple so that erosion of the river can be dangerous to the construction of the temple. Water system project is done by creating a new river that cuts sodetan river curved to the north-south axis along the west wall outside the temple complex. Former native streams and then backfilled to provide a wider field for the construction of a row of ancillary temples (temple or temple guards escort).
Some archaeologists argue that statues of Shiva in garbhagriha (main hall) in the temple of Shiva as the main temple is a statue of the king Balitung embodiment, as the statue of his posthumous pedharmaan. [5] The name Prambanan, derived from the name of the village where the temple stood, is thought to change the name of the dialect Java language from "The Brahman," which may refer to the heyday of this temple which formerly filled by the Brahmins.
This building complex on a regular basis continues to be refined by the kings of Mataram Medang next, as the king Daksha and Tulodong, and expanded by building hundreds of additional temples around the main temple. Because of the grandeur of this temple, Prambanan temple serves as a great kingdom of Mataram, where a main important royal ceremonies. At the height of its power, historians suspect that hundreds of Brahmin priests and students gathered outside the temple courtyard and inhabit it to study the Vedas and perform various Hindu rituals and ceremonies. While the center of the kingdom or empire of Mataram palace supposedly located somewhere on the plains near the Prambanan Kewu.Abandoned
Around the year 930-an, capital of the kingdom moved to East Java by MPU Sindok, who founded the dynasty Isyana. The cause of moving the center of power is not known with certainty. However, most probably due to the great eruption of Mount Merapi, which rises about 20 kilometers north of the temple of Prambanan. Other possible causes of war and power struggles. After moving the capital city, Prambanan temple began neglected and uncared for, so this temple slowly begin to deteriorate and collapse.
The building of the temple is thought to completely collapse due to severe earthquake in the 16th century. Although no longer a center of Hindu religion and worship, the temple was still recognizable and known to exist by the Javanese people who inhabit the surrounding villages. The temples and statues of Durga in the main building of this temple which is Javanese folklore inspired legend Jonggrang Rara. After the disintegration of the Sultanate of Mataram in 1755, the ruins of temples and the nearby river Opak be a sign of demarcation between the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Surakarta Kasunanan (Solo).RecoveryPrambanan temple ruins as soon as discovered.
Locals residents in Java around the temple was aware of the existence of this temple. But they do not know the background of real history, whom the king and kingdom of what has been built this monument. As a result of the imagination, the local people creating local tales to explain the origin of the existence of these temples; colored with a fantastic tale about a giant king, thousands of temples built by jinns and spirits dedemit in just one night, as well as the beautiful princess who was cursed to be statues. The legend of Prambanan temple is known as Rara Jonggrang story.
In 1733, this temple was found by the CA. Lons a Dutch nationality. This temple is the world's attention when the British occupation of Java. When it was Colin Mackenzie, a subordinate surveyor Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, find this temple. Although Sir Thomas then ordered further investigation, the ruins of this temple remained neglected until the decades. No serious excavations conducted during the 1880s, which unfortunately even enrich the practice of looting and stone carved temples. Then in 1855, Jan Willem IJzerman start to clean and move some rocks and soil from the chambers of the temple. Moments later Isaac Groneman perform large-scale demolition and temple stones were piled haphazardly along the Opak. Statues and reliefs of the temple was taken by a Dutch citizen and used as garden ornaments, while the indigenous use of the temple stones for building materials and house foundation.Restoration
The restoration began in 1918, but the real serious effort began in the 1930s. In 1902-1903, Theodoor van Erp keep parts prone to collapse. In the years 1918-1926, followed by the Bureau of Antiquities (Oudheidkundige Dienst) under PJ Perquin a more systematic manner according to the rules of archeology. As is known to his predecessors did the removal and demolition of thousands of stones randomly without considering the restoration effort back. In 1926 De Haan continued until his death in 1930. In 1931 was replaced by Ir. V.R. van Romondt up in 1942 and then submitted the leadership of the son of Indonesia's renovation and continued until 1993 [6].
Renovation efforts continue to be done even now. The restoration of the Shiva temple is the main temple complex was completed in 1953 and inaugurated by the first President of the Republic of Indonesia Sukarno. Many parts of the renovated temple, using a new stone, as many original stones were stolen or reused elsewhere. A temple will only be restored when at least 75% of the original stone is still there. Therefore, many small temples which was rebuilt and it just seemed foundation.
Now, this temple was included in a protected World Heritage Site by UNESCO, was awarded UNESCO status in 1991Candi Prambanan is incredibly beautiful building built in the 10th century during the reign of two kings, and Rakai Rakai Pikatan Balitung. Rose as high as 47 feet (5 meters higher than Borobudur temple), the foundation of this temple has fulfilled the desire to show Hindu triumph in Java Island. This temple is located 17 kilometers from the city center, in the middle of the area that is now a beautiful park.
There is a legend that Javanese people always tell about this temple. Once, a man named Roro Jonggrang Bondowoso love. Because of his love, asking Jonggrang Bondowoso make 1000 temples with statues in one night. The request was nearly fulfilled Jonggrang asked the villagers to pound rice and make a fire in order to look like morning. Bondowoso who only completed 999 statues cursed statue to be Jonggrang-1000 because he felt cheated.
Prambanan temple has three main temples in the primary yard, namely Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva. The third temple is the epitome of Trimurti in Hindu belief. The third temple is facing east. Each main temple has accompanying temple facing to the west, namely Nandini for Shiva, Swan to Brahma, and Garuda for Vishnu. In addition, there are two temples wedge, 4 temples color, and 4 corner temples. In the second had 224 temples.
Entering Shiva temple located in the middle and the highest building, you will find a room 4. One main room with a statue of Shiva, while the other three rooms each containing a statue of Durga (Shiva's wife), Agastya (Shiva's teacher), and Ganesha (the son of Shiva). Durga is touted as the statue of Roro Jonggrang described in the legend above.
In the Vishnu temple is located in the north of the temple of Shiva, you will only see a single room with a statue of Vishnu. Brahma temple is located south of Shiva temple, you will only find one room with a statue of Brahma.
Quite attractive accompanying temple is Garuda temple, located near the Vishnu temple. This temple keeps a story called half-bird Garuda. Garuda is a mythical bird in Hindu mythology who was gold, white face, red wings, beak and wings like eagles. Estimated, figure is Hindu adaptation of Bennu figure (meaning 'sunrise' or 'shining', usually associated with the god Re) in ancient Egyptian mythology or Phoenix in Greek mythology. Garuda could save her from the curse of Aruna (Garuda's handicapped brother) by stealing Tirta Amrita (holy water of the gods).
The ability to save that which is admired by many people until now and are used for various purposes. Indonesia uses the symbol of the state. That said, the symbol of Garuda Pancasila creator for inspiration in this temple. Other countries also use it to sign the country is Thailand, with the same reason but different form adaptation and appearance. In Thailand, Garuda is known as Krut or Pha Krut.
Prambanan also has panels of relief describing the story of Ramayana. According to experts, the relief is similar to the Ramayana story is revealed through oral tradition. Another interesting relief is Kalpataru tree that the Hindu religion is considered as a tree of life, sustainability and environmental compatibility. At Prambanan reliefs depicted Kalpataru trees flanking the lion. The existence of this tree makes experts consider that the ninth century had wisdom to manage their environment.
Just like the figure of Garuda, Kalpataru is now also used for various purposes. In Indonesia, Kalpataru became a symbol of Environment (Walhi). In fact, some scientists in Bali to develop the concept of Tri Hita Karana for environmental conservation by seeing Kalpataru relief in this temple. The tree of life also can be found in the mountains that used to open the puppet arts. A proof that the relief panels in Prambanan has worldwide.
If careful, you can also see various birds relief, this time a real bird. Bird reliefs at Prambanan are so natural that biologists can identify to genus level. One was relief of the Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) that question. Why the bird was actually only in Masakambing Island, an island in the Java Sea. Then, if the type was once numerous in Yogyakarta? Please find out yourself. Because, until now no single person who could solve the mystery.
Well, there are many more that can be extracted at Prambanan. You certainly should not be bored. If it was finally exhausted, you can relax in the garden around the temple. Interested? Come at once. Since September 18, 2006, you can enter a zone of Prambanan, although not yet able to enter into the temple. Some of the damage from the earthquake last May 27, 2006 are now being repaired.
The building was first built in 850 AD by the Rakai Pikatan and sustainably enhanced and expanded by King and King Balitung Lokapala Maha Sambu. Based on Siwagrha inscription dates to 856 AD, a shrine was built to glorify the god Shiva, and the original name of this building is Siwagrha in Sanskrit (Sanskrit: Shiva-Graha which means: 'The house of Shiva') or Siwalaya (Sanskrit: Shiva-laya which means: 'aspect of Shiva' or 'Natural Shiva'). [4] In this inscription mentioned that during the construction of the temple Siwagrha underway, the public works carried out are also changes in order to move the flow of river water near this temple. The river in question is Opak river that flows from north to south along the west side of the temple complex of Prambanan. Historians suspect that the original flow of the river is turned curved to the east, and is considered too close to the temple so that erosion of the river can be dangerous to the construction of the temple. Water system project is done by creating a new river that cuts sodetan river curved to the north-south axis along the west wall outside the temple complex. Former native streams and then backfilled to provide a wider field for the construction of a row of ancillary temples (temple or temple guards escort).
Some archaeologists argue that statues of Shiva in garbhagriha (main hall) in the temple of Shiva as the main temple is a statue of the king Balitung embodiment, as the statue of his posthumous pedharmaan. [5] The name Prambanan, derived from the name of the village where the temple stood, is thought to change the name of the dialect Java language from "The Brahman," which may refer to the heyday of this temple which formerly filled by the Brahmins.
This building complex on a regular basis continues to be refined by the kings of Mataram Medang next, as the king Daksha and Tulodong, and expanded by building hundreds of additional temples around the main temple. Because of the grandeur of this temple, Prambanan temple serves as a great kingdom of Mataram, where a main important royal ceremonies. At the height of its power, historians suspect that hundreds of Brahmin priests and students gathered outside the temple courtyard and inhabit it to study the Vedas and perform various Hindu rituals and ceremonies. While the center of the kingdom or empire of Mataram palace supposedly located somewhere on the plains near the Prambanan Kewu.Abandoned
Around the year 930-an, capital of the kingdom moved to East Java by MPU Sindok, who founded the dynasty Isyana. The cause of moving the center of power is not known with certainty. However, most probably due to the great eruption of Mount Merapi, which rises about 20 kilometers north of the temple of Prambanan. Other possible causes of war and power struggles. After moving the capital city, Prambanan temple began neglected and uncared for, so this temple slowly begin to deteriorate and collapse.
The building of the temple is thought to completely collapse due to severe earthquake in the 16th century. Although no longer a center of Hindu religion and worship, the temple was still recognizable and known to exist by the Javanese people who inhabit the surrounding villages. The temples and statues of Durga in the main building of this temple which is Javanese folklore inspired legend Jonggrang Rara. After the disintegration of the Sultanate of Mataram in 1755, the ruins of temples and the nearby river Opak be a sign of demarcation between the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Surakarta Kasunanan (Solo).RecoveryPrambanan temple ruins as soon as discovered.
Locals residents in Java around the temple was aware of the existence of this temple. But they do not know the background of real history, whom the king and kingdom of what has been built this monument. As a result of the imagination, the local people creating local tales to explain the origin of the existence of these temples; colored with a fantastic tale about a giant king, thousands of temples built by jinns and spirits dedemit in just one night, as well as the beautiful princess who was cursed to be statues. The legend of Prambanan temple is known as Rara Jonggrang story.
In 1733, this temple was found by the CA. Lons a Dutch nationality. This temple is the world's attention when the British occupation of Java. When it was Colin Mackenzie, a subordinate surveyor Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, find this temple. Although Sir Thomas then ordered further investigation, the ruins of this temple remained neglected until the decades. No serious excavations conducted during the 1880s, which unfortunately even enrich the practice of looting and stone carved temples. Then in 1855, Jan Willem IJzerman start to clean and move some rocks and soil from the chambers of the temple. Moments later Isaac Groneman perform large-scale demolition and temple stones were piled haphazardly along the Opak. Statues and reliefs of the temple was taken by a Dutch citizen and used as garden ornaments, while the indigenous use of the temple stones for building materials and house foundation.Restoration
The restoration began in 1918, but the real serious effort began in the 1930s. In 1902-1903, Theodoor van Erp keep parts prone to collapse. In the years 1918-1926, followed by the Bureau of Antiquities (Oudheidkundige Dienst) under PJ Perquin a more systematic manner according to the rules of archeology. As is known to his predecessors did the removal and demolition of thousands of stones randomly without considering the restoration effort back. In 1926 De Haan continued until his death in 1930. In 1931 was replaced by Ir. V.R. van Romondt up in 1942 and then submitted the leadership of the son of Indonesia's renovation and continued until 1993 [6].
Renovation efforts continue to be done even now. The restoration of the Shiva temple is the main temple complex was completed in 1953 and inaugurated by the first President of the Republic of Indonesia Sukarno. Many parts of the renovated temple, using a new stone, as many original stones were stolen or reused elsewhere. A temple will only be restored when at least 75% of the original stone is still there. Therefore, many small temples which was rebuilt and it just seemed foundation.
Now, this temple was included in a protected World Heritage Site by UNESCO, was awarded UNESCO status in 1991Candi Prambanan is incredibly beautiful building built in the 10th century during the reign of two kings, and Rakai Rakai Pikatan Balitung. Rose as high as 47 feet (5 meters higher than Borobudur temple), the foundation of this temple has fulfilled the desire to show Hindu triumph in Java Island. This temple is located 17 kilometers from the city center, in the middle of the area that is now a beautiful park.
There is a legend that Javanese people always tell about this temple. Once, a man named Roro Jonggrang Bondowoso love. Because of his love, asking Jonggrang Bondowoso make 1000 temples with statues in one night. The request was nearly fulfilled Jonggrang asked the villagers to pound rice and make a fire in order to look like morning. Bondowoso who only completed 999 statues cursed statue to be Jonggrang-1000 because he felt cheated.
Prambanan temple has three main temples in the primary yard, namely Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva. The third temple is the epitome of Trimurti in Hindu belief. The third temple is facing east. Each main temple has accompanying temple facing to the west, namely Nandini for Shiva, Swan to Brahma, and Garuda for Vishnu. In addition, there are two temples wedge, 4 temples color, and 4 corner temples. In the second had 224 temples.
Entering Shiva temple located in the middle and the highest building, you will find a room 4. One main room with a statue of Shiva, while the other three rooms each containing a statue of Durga (Shiva's wife), Agastya (Shiva's teacher), and Ganesha (the son of Shiva). Durga is touted as the statue of Roro Jonggrang described in the legend above.
In the Vishnu temple is located in the north of the temple of Shiva, you will only see a single room with a statue of Vishnu. Brahma temple is located south of Shiva temple, you will only find one room with a statue of Brahma.
Quite attractive accompanying temple is Garuda temple, located near the Vishnu temple. This temple keeps a story called half-bird Garuda. Garuda is a mythical bird in Hindu mythology who was gold, white face, red wings, beak and wings like eagles. Estimated, figure is Hindu adaptation of Bennu figure (meaning 'sunrise' or 'shining', usually associated with the god Re) in ancient Egyptian mythology or Phoenix in Greek mythology. Garuda could save her from the curse of Aruna (Garuda's handicapped brother) by stealing Tirta Amrita (holy water of the gods).
The ability to save that which is admired by many people until now and are used for various purposes. Indonesia uses the symbol of the state. That said, the symbol of Garuda Pancasila creator for inspiration in this temple. Other countries also use it to sign the country is Thailand, with the same reason but different form adaptation and appearance. In Thailand, Garuda is known as Krut or Pha Krut.
Prambanan also has panels of relief describing the story of Ramayana. According to experts, the relief is similar to the Ramayana story is revealed through oral tradition. Another interesting relief is Kalpataru tree that the Hindu religion is considered as a tree of life, sustainability and environmental compatibility. At Prambanan reliefs depicted Kalpataru trees flanking the lion. The existence of this tree makes experts consider that the ninth century had wisdom to manage their environment.
Just like the figure of Garuda, Kalpataru is now also used for various purposes. In Indonesia, Kalpataru became a symbol of Environment (Walhi). In fact, some scientists in Bali to develop the concept of Tri Hita Karana for environmental conservation by seeing Kalpataru relief in this temple. The tree of life also can be found in the mountains that used to open the puppet arts. A proof that the relief panels in Prambanan has worldwide.
If careful, you can also see various birds relief, this time a real bird. Bird reliefs at Prambanan are so natural that biologists can identify to genus level. One was relief of the Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) that question. Why the bird was actually only in Masakambing Island, an island in the Java Sea. Then, if the type was once numerous in Yogyakarta? Please find out yourself. Because, until now no single person who could solve the mystery.
Well, there are many more that can be extracted at Prambanan. You certainly should not be bored. If it was finally exhausted, you can relax in the garden around the temple. Interested? Come at once. Since September 18, 2006, you can enter a zone of Prambanan, although not yet able to enter into the temple. Some of the damage from the earthquake last May 27, 2006 are now being repaired.
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